What is Reverse Osmosis?
Reverse osmosis (R.O) is a filtration method that removes many types of large molecules and ions from solutions by applying pressure to the solution when it is on one side of a selective membrane. The result is that the solute is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is allowed to pass to the other side. To be “selective,” this membrane should not allow large molecules or ions through the pores (holes), but should allow smaller components of the solution (such as the solvent) to pass freely.
Reverse osmosis is most commonly known for its use in drinking water purification from Sea Water, Bore Well, Municipal Supply for removing the harmful salt, contaminants and other substances from the water.
This is the reverse of the normal osmosis process, in which the solvent naturally moves from an area of low solute concentration, through a membrane, to an area of high solute concentration. The movement of a pure solvent to equalize solute concentrations on each side of a membrane generates a pressure and this is the “osmotic pressure.”Applying an external pressure to reverse the natural flow of pure solvent, thus, is reverse osmosis.